Native Trees & Large Shrubs of St. Louis

Botanical Name
(Common Name)
Family
(Order)
Repro. Strategy
[CC], pollinator
Acer negundo
(Box Elder)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
dioecious
[CC1], wind + bees
Acer nigrum
(Black Maple)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
trimoecious
[CC5], wind
Acer rubrum
(Red Maple)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC5], wind + bees
Acer saccharinum
(Silver Maple)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
trimoecious
[CC2], wind + bees
Acer saccharum
(Sugar Maple)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
trimoecious
[CC5], wind
Aesculus glabra
(Ohio Buckeye)
Sapindaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-monoecious
[CC5], bees + humbrd
Alnus serrulata
(Alder)
Betulaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC7], wind
Amelanchier arborea
(Serviceberry)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC6], bees
Amorpha fruticosa
(False Indigo)
Fabaceae
(Fabales)
synoecious
[CC6], bees
Asimina triloba
(Pawpaw)
Annonaceae
(Magnoliales)
synoecious
[CC5], flies, beetles
Betula nigra
(River Birch)
Betulaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4], wind
Carpinus caroliniana
(Musclewood / Hornbeam)
Betulaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC6], wind
Carya cordiformis
(Bitternut Hickory)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5], wind
Carya glabra
(Pignut Hickory) Illinois only
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC6], wind
Carya illinoinensis
(Pecan)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC7], wind
Carya laciniosa
(Shellbark Hickory)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC7], wind
Carya ovata
(Shagbark Hickory)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4], wind
Carya texana
(Black Hickory)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5], wind
Carya tomentosa
(Mockernut Hickory)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5], wind
Celtis laevigata
(Sugarberry)
Cannabaceae
(Rosales)
polygamo-monoecious
[CC4], wind
Celtis occidentalis
(Hackberry)
Cannabaceae
(Rosales)
polygamo-monoecious
[CC3], wind
Celtis tenuifolia
(Dwarf Hackberry)
Cannabaceae
(Rosales)
polygamo-monoecious
[CC6], wind
Cephalanthus occidentalis
(Buttonbush)
Rubiaceae
(Gentianales)
synoecious
[CC3], bees, insects
Cercis canadensis
(Eastern Redbud)
Fabaceae
(Fabales)
synoecious
[CC3], bees
Cornus alternifolia
(Alternateleaf Dogwood)
Cornaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC8], bees, insects
Cornus drummondii
(Roughleaf Dogwood)
Cornaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC2], bees, insects
Cornus florida
(Flowering Dogwood)
Cornaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC5], bees, insects
Cornus obliqua
(Silky Dogwood)
Cornaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC5], bees, insects
Cornus racemosa
(Gray Dogwood)
Cornaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC3], bees, insects
Corylus americana
(Hazelnut)
Betulaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4], wind
Crataegus berberifolia
(Barberry-leaved Hawthorn)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Crataegus crus-galli
(Cockspur Hawthorn)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC3], bees, insects
Crataegus mollis
(Downy Hawthorn) Illinois only
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4], bees, insects
Crataegus pruinosa
(Frosty Hawthorn)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC3], bees, insects
Crataegus punctata (collina)
(Dotted Hawthorn)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4], bees, insects
Crataegus viridis
(Green Haw)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC5], bees, insects
Diospyros virginiana
(Persimmon)
Ebenaceae
(Ericales)
dioecious
[CC3], bees
Euonymus atropurpureus
(Wahoo)
Celastraceae
(Celastrales)
synoecious
[CC5], bees, insects
Forestiera acuminata
(Swamp Privet)
Oleaceae
(Lamiales)
dioecious
[CC6], bees
Frangula caroliniana
(Carolina Buckthorn)
Rhamnaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC6], insects
Fraxinus americana
(White Ash)
Oleaceae
(Lamiales)
dioecious
[CC4], wind
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
(Green Ash)
Oleaceae
(Lamiales)
dioecious
[CC2], wind
Fraxinus quadrangulata
(Blue Ash)
Oleaceae
(Lamiales)
synoecious
[CC7], wind
Gleditsia triacanthos
(Honey Locust)
Fabaceae
(Fabales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC2], self, insects
Gymnocladus dioica
(Kentucky Coffeetree)
Fabaceae
(Fabales)
dioecious
[CC6], bees, humbrd
Hydrangea arborescens
(Smooth Hydrangea)
Hydrangeaceae
(Cornales)
synoecious
[CC7], insects
Hypericum prolificum
(Shrubby St. John’s Wort)
Hypericaceae
(Malpighiales)
synoecious
[CC4], bees
Ilex decidua
(Possumhaw / Deciduous Holly)
Aquifoliaceae
(Aquifoliales)
dioecious
[CC5],
Juglans cinerea
(Butternut / White Walnut)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC7],
Juglans nigra
(Black Walnut)
Juglandaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Juniperus virginiana
(Eastern Redcedar)
Cupressaceae
(Pinales)
dioecious
[CC2],
Lindera benzoin
(Spicebush)
Lauraceae
(Laurales)
dioecious
[CC5],
Malus coronaria
(Sweet Crab Apple)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Malus ioensis
(Prairie Crab Apple)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC3],
Morus rubra
(Red Mulberry)
Moraceae
(Rosales)
mon or dio
[CC4],
Nyssa sylvatica
(Black Gum)
Nyssaceae
(Cornales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC5],
Ostrya virginiana
(Hop Hornbeam)
Betulaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Physocarpus opulifolius
(Ninebark)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Pinus echinata
(Shortleaf Pine)
Pinaceae
(Pinales)
monoecious
[CC5],
Platanus occidentalis
(Sycamore)
Platanaceae
(Proteales)
monoecious
[CC3],
Populus deltoides
(Cottonwood)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC2],
Prunus americana
(Wild Plum)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Prunus hortulana
(Hortulan Plum)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC3],
Prunus mexicana
(Big Tree Plum)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC3],
Prunus munsoniana
(Wild Goose Plum)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Prunus serotina
(Black Cherry)
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC2],
Prunus virginiana
(Choke Cherry) Illinois only
Rosaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Ptelea trifoliata
(Hop Tree / Wafer Ash)
Rutaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-monoecious
[CC5],
Quercus alba
(White Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Quercus bicolor
(Swamp White Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC7],
Quercus imbricaria
(Shingle Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC3],
Quercus lyrata
(Overcup Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC8],
Quercus macrocarpa
(Bur Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Quercus marilandica
(Blackjack Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Quercus muehlenbergii
(Chinkapin Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5],
Quercus palustris
(Pin Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Quercus rubra
(Northern Red Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5],
Quercus shumardii
(Shumard Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC5],
Quercus stellata
(Post Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Quercus velutina
(Black Oak)
Fagaceae
(Fagales)
monoecious
[CC4],
Rhamnus lanceolata
(Lance-Leaved Buckthorn)
Rhamnaceae
(Rosales)
monoecious
[CC5],
Rhus aromatica
(Fragrant Sumac)
Anacardiaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC4],
Rhus copallinum
(Winged Sumac)
Anacardiaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC2],
Rhus glabra
(Smooth Sumac)
Anacardiaceae
(Sapindales)
polygamo-dioecious
[CC1],
Robinia pseudoacacia
(native Black Locust)
Fabaceae
(Fabales)
synoecious
[CC6],
Salix amygdaloides
(Peach-leaved Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC5],
Salix caroliniana
(Carolina Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC4],
Salix eriocephala
(Missouri Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC5],
Salix exigua
(Sandbar Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC3],
Salix humilis
(Prairie Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC7],
Salix nigra
(Black Willow)
Salicaceae
(Malpighiales)
dioecious
[CC2],
Sambucus canadensis
(Elderberry)
Adoxaceae
(Dipsacales)
synoecious
[CC2],
Sassafras albidum
(Sassafras)
Lauraceae
(Laurales)
dioecious
[CC2],
Sideroxylon lanuginosum
(Gum Bumelia)
Sapotaceae
(Ericales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Staphylea trifolia
(Bladdernut)
Staphyleaceae
(Crossosomatales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Tilia americana
(Basswood)
Malvaceae
(Malvales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Ulmus alata
(Winged Elm)
Ulmaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Ulmus americana
(American Elm)
Ulmaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Ulmus rubra
(Slippery Elm)
Ulmaceae
(Rosales)
synoecious
[CC5],
Vaccinium arboreum
(Farkleberry)
Ericaceae
(Ericales)
synoecious
[CC6],
Viburnum prunifolium
(Blackhaw)
Adoxaceae
(Dipsacales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Viburnum rufidulum
(Rusty Blackhaw)
Adoxaceae
(Dipsacales)
synoecious
[CC4],
Zanthoxylum americanum
(Prickly Ash)
Rutaceae
(Sapindales)
dioecious
[CC4],
103 Native St. Louis Area Trees and Large Shrubs
(source: USDA maps)

DEFINITIONS:
polygamo-dioecious = mostly dioecious, with some perfect
polygamo-monoecious = mostly monoecious, with some perfect
synoecious = plant with perfect flowers
trimoecious = plant with male, female, and perfect flowers

Michael Laschober
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