Native Trees & Large Shrubs of St. Louis
| Botanical Name (Common Name) | Family (Order) | Repro. Strategy [CC], pollinator |
| Acer negundo (Box Elder) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | dioecious [CC1], wind + bees |
| Acer nigrum (Black Maple) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | trimoecious [CC5], wind |
| Acer rubrum (Red Maple) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC5], wind + bees |
| Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | trimoecious [CC2], wind + bees |
| Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | trimoecious [CC5], wind |
| Aesculus glabra (Ohio Buckeye) | Sapindaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-monoecious [CC5], bees + humbrd |
| Alnus serrulata (Alder) | Betulaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC7], wind |
| Amelanchier arborea (Serviceberry) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC6], bees |
| Amorpha fruticosa (False Indigo) | Fabaceae (Fabales) | synoecious [CC6], bees |
| Asimina triloba (Pawpaw) | Annonaceae (Magnoliales) | synoecious [CC5], flies, beetles |
| Betula nigra (River Birch) | Betulaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], wind |
| Carpinus caroliniana (Musclewood / Hornbeam) | Betulaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC6], wind |
| Carya cordiformis (Bitternut Hickory) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], wind |
| Carya glabra (Pignut Hickory) Illinois only | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC6], wind |
| Carya illinoinensis (Pecan) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC7], wind |
| Carya laciniosa (Shellbark Hickory) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC7], wind |
| Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], wind |
| Carya texana (Black Hickory) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], wind |
| Carya tomentosa (Mockernut Hickory) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], wind |
| Celtis laevigata (Sugarberry) | Cannabaceae (Rosales) | polygamo-monoecious [CC4], wind |
| Celtis occidentalis (Hackberry) | Cannabaceae (Rosales) | polygamo-monoecious [CC3], wind |
| Celtis tenuifolia (Dwarf Hackberry) | Cannabaceae (Rosales) | polygamo-monoecious [CC6], wind |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) | Rubiaceae (Gentianales) | synoecious [CC3], bees, insects |
| Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud) | Fabaceae (Fabales) | synoecious [CC3], bees |
| Cornus alternifolia (Alternateleaf Dogwood) | Cornaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC8], bees, insects |
| Cornus drummondii (Roughleaf Dogwood) | Cornaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC2], bees, insects |
| Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) | Cornaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC5], bees, insects |
| Cornus obliqua (Silky Dogwood) | Cornaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC5], bees, insects |
| Cornus racemosa (Gray Dogwood) | Cornaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC3], bees, insects |
| Corylus americana (Hazelnut) | Betulaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], wind |
| Crataegus berberifolia (Barberry-leaved Hawthorn) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Crataegus crus-galli (Cockspur Hawthorn) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC3], bees, insects |
| Crataegus mollis (Downy Hawthorn) Illinois only | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], bees, insects |
| Crataegus pruinosa (Frosty Hawthorn) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC3], bees, insects |
| Crataegus punctata (collina) (Dotted Hawthorn) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], bees, insects |
| Crataegus viridis (Green Haw) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC5], bees, insects |
| Diospyros virginiana (Persimmon) | Ebenaceae (Ericales) | dioecious [CC3], bees |
| Euonymus atropurpureus (Wahoo) | Celastraceae (Celastrales) | synoecious [CC5], bees, insects |
| Forestiera acuminata (Swamp Privet) | Oleaceae (Lamiales) | dioecious [CC6], bees |
| Frangula caroliniana (Carolina Buckthorn) | Rhamnaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC6], insects |
| Fraxinus americana (White Ash) | Oleaceae (Lamiales) | dioecious [CC4], wind |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green Ash) | Oleaceae (Lamiales) | dioecious [CC2], wind |
| Fraxinus quadrangulata (Blue Ash) | Oleaceae (Lamiales) | synoecious [CC7], wind |
| Gleditsia triacanthos (Honey Locust) | Fabaceae (Fabales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC2], self, insects |
| Gymnocladus dioica (Kentucky Coffeetree) | Fabaceae (Fabales) | dioecious [CC6], bees, humbrd |
| Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth Hydrangea) | Hydrangeaceae (Cornales) | synoecious [CC7], insects |
| Hypericum prolificum (Shrubby St. John’s Wort) | Hypericaceae (Malpighiales) | synoecious [CC4], bees |
| Ilex decidua (Possumhaw / Deciduous Holly) | Aquifoliaceae (Aquifoliales) | dioecious [CC5], |
| Juglans cinerea (Butternut / White Walnut) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC7], |
| Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) | Juglandaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Juniperus virginiana (Eastern Redcedar) | Cupressaceae (Pinales) | dioecious [CC2], |
| Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) | Lauraceae (Laurales) | dioecious [CC5], |
| Malus coronaria (Sweet Crab Apple) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Malus ioensis (Prairie Crab Apple) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC3], |
| Morus rubra (Red Mulberry) | Moraceae (Rosales) | mon or dio [CC4], |
| Nyssa sylvatica (Black Gum) | Nyssaceae (Cornales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC5], |
| Ostrya virginiana (Hop Hornbeam) | Betulaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Physocarpus opulifolius (Ninebark) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine) | Pinaceae (Pinales) | monoecious [CC5], |
| Platanus occidentalis (Sycamore) | Platanaceae (Proteales) | monoecious [CC3], |
| Populus deltoides (Cottonwood) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC2], |
| Prunus americana (Wild Plum) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Prunus hortulana (Hortulan Plum) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC3], |
| Prunus mexicana (Big Tree Plum) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC3], |
| Prunus munsoniana (Wild Goose Plum) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Prunus serotina (Black Cherry) | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC2], |
| Prunus virginiana (Choke Cherry) Illinois only | Rosaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Ptelea trifoliata (Hop Tree / Wafer Ash) | Rutaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-monoecious [CC5], |
| Quercus alba (White Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC7], |
| Quercus imbricaria (Shingle Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC3], |
| Quercus lyrata (Overcup Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC8], |
| Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Quercus marilandica (Blackjack Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Quercus muehlenbergii (Chinkapin Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], |
| Quercus palustris (Pin Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], |
| Quercus shumardii (Shumard Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC5], |
| Quercus stellata (Post Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Quercus velutina (Black Oak) | Fagaceae (Fagales) | monoecious [CC4], |
| Rhamnus lanceolata (Lance-Leaved Buckthorn) | Rhamnaceae (Rosales) | monoecious [CC5], |
| Rhus aromatica (Fragrant Sumac) | Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC4], |
| Rhus copallinum (Winged Sumac) | Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC2], |
| Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) | Anacardiaceae (Sapindales) | polygamo-dioecious [CC1], |
| Robinia pseudoacacia (native Black Locust) | Fabaceae (Fabales) | synoecious [CC6], |
| Salix amygdaloides (Peach-leaved Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC5], |
| Salix caroliniana (Carolina Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC4], |
| Salix eriocephala (Missouri Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC5], |
| Salix exigua (Sandbar Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC3], |
| Salix humilis (Prairie Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC7], |
| Salix nigra (Black Willow) | Salicaceae (Malpighiales) | dioecious [CC2], |
| Sambucus canadensis (Elderberry) | Adoxaceae (Dipsacales) | synoecious [CC2], |
| Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) | Lauraceae (Laurales) | dioecious [CC2], |
| Sideroxylon lanuginosum (Gum Bumelia) | Sapotaceae (Ericales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Staphylea trifolia (Bladdernut) | Staphyleaceae (Crossosomatales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Tilia americana (Basswood) | Malvaceae (Malvales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Ulmus alata (Winged Elm) | Ulmaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Ulmus americana (American Elm) | Ulmaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm) | Ulmaceae (Rosales) | synoecious [CC5], |
| Vaccinium arboreum (Farkleberry) | Ericaceae (Ericales) | synoecious [CC6], |
| Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw) | Adoxaceae (Dipsacales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Viburnum rufidulum (Rusty Blackhaw) | Adoxaceae (Dipsacales) | synoecious [CC4], |
| Zanthoxylum americanum (Prickly Ash) | Rutaceae (Sapindales) | dioecious [CC4], |
(source: USDA maps)
DEFINITIONS:
polygamo-dioecious = mostly dioecious, with some perfect
polygamo-monoecious = mostly monoecious, with some perfect
synoecious = plant with perfect flowers
trimoecious = plant with male, female, and perfect flowers
Michael Laschober
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